unhurried

コンピュータ関連ネタがほとんど、ときどき趣味も…

Play Framework

Overview

  • A Java/Scala web application framework which aims to improve the productivity (development speed) and flexibility (easiness of change).
  • Although Applications can be coded with both Java and Scala, templates must be written with Scala.
  • Its design is affected by Ruby on Rails such as Convention over Configuration or MVC.

How to Install

Frequently Used Commands

Command Description
activator new [app name] play-java Create a new project
run [port number] Run an application
compile Compile the source codes(Usually compile is done when accessing the application)
eclipse Covert the project to an Eclipse project

How to Import to Eclipse

  • Convert the project to an Eclipse project by using eclipse command.
  • Open Eclipse and select "Import" and import the project as a "Existing project".
  • Turn off the feature which automatically deletes import statements.
    • Turn off "Project property -> Java -> Editor -> Save Actions -> Organize imports"
  • Add a class folder for the view of Play framework.
    • Project Property -> Java Build Path -> Add Class Folder
    • Add target/target/scala-2.11/classes_managed
  • (Appendix) Resolve the dependency from Maven repository using SBT
    • SBT (Simple Build Tool) is a build tool which is recommended in Play Framework.
    • Look for necessary libraries in Maven repository.
    • Copy the text in the SBT tab, and paste it in build.scala.
    • Re-compile the project.
libraryDependencies ++= Seq(
  javaJdbc,
  ...,
  "com.nimbusds" % "oauth2-oidc-sdk" % "4.13"
)
$ clean
$ compile
$ eclipse with-source=true
# Refresh the Eclipse project

Create a view

  • Create a template (*.scala.html) in app/views directory. => After compiling a class named views.html.{view name} will be created.
  • Available Control Syntax
    • if / for / function / variable / import
  • Helper methods
    • @helper.form
  • Specify other endpoints as links or targets of forms.
    • @routes.{controller class name}.{method name}

DB access using Ebean (O/R mapper)

  • DB Connection Settings
db.default.driver = {JDBC Driver}
db.default.url = {URL starting with jdbc:}
db.default.driver = org.h2.Driver
# Change "mem" to "file" when we want to make the data persistent.
db.default.url = jdbc:h2:mem:play
  • Ebean class
    • Package name: models.{class name} (customizable)
    • Extends play.db.ebean.Model
    • Available annotations
Annotation Description
@Entity Specify to an Ebean class.
@Id Specify to a member which is a primary key.
@NotNull Specify to a member which uses a NotNull constraint.
@CreatedTimestamp Specify to a member which stores a created date and time.
@Version Specify to a member which stores a updated date and time.
  • Basic DB Operations
Operation Method
INSERT save()
UPDATE update()
DELETE delete()
  • Search
    • Use play.db.ebean.Finder
Method Description
all() Search whole the records.
byId(Long id) Search by a primary key.
where(String arg) Search with a condition.
  • Relations between tables　1:N (parent-child relationship)
@Entity public class Child extends Model {
  @Id public Long id;
  @ManyToOne
  @JoinColmunName(name=”parent_id”)
  public Parent parent;
  ...
}
@Entity publi class Parent extends Model {
  @Id public Long id;
  @OneToMany(cascade=CascadeType.ALL, mappedBy=”parent”)
  public List<Child> children = new ArrayList<Child>();
}
  • Transactioins: Use TxRunnable.
Ebean.execute(new TxRunnable() {
  // Write Ebean procedures in the transaction.
});

How to use a controller

  • Write a routing configration in conf/routes.
{HTTP Method} {Path} {Method}
# Simple example
GET /list controllers.Page.showList()
# Pass the Path parameter and the query parameters
GET /search/:id controllers.Page.search(id :Integer, name :String)
  • Methods in a Controller class
    • Create a method which returns play.mvc.Result.
    • A helper method is prepared in play.mvc.Results.
      • ok, redirect, badRequest, internalServerError, …

Session Scope and Flash Scope

  • Session Scope
    • Retained in a user session
    • Can store up to 4KB string
  • How it works
    • Stored in the client side using HTTP Cookie.
    • The values of the cookie are signed with the secret key. (The values will be invalidated.)
    • There is no expiration date for the session. (As long as the client break it.) -> Store a timestamp in the session and manage the expiration date.
  • Code example
# Save values into the session
session(“key”, “value”);
# Read values from the session
String value = session(“key”);
# Delete values from the session
session.remove(“key”);
# Delete the session
session().clear();
  • Flash Scope (The difference from the session)
    • The data will be retained until the next request.
    • The values of the cookie are not signed. (They may be changed by a user.) → 非Ajaxアプリケーションでのメッセージ（成功／失敗など）のやり取りに利用する。

Refer a conf file

  • an instance of application.conf can be gotten with Configration#root.
Configuration.root().getString("application.langs")

How to use Bootstrap